{"id":471,"date":"2022-10-29T02:04:09","date_gmt":"2022-10-28T19:04:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.giraf.vn\/?page_id=471"},"modified":"2023-05-01T14:49:01","modified_gmt":"2023-05-01T07:49:01","slug":"khai-quat-ve-di-tat-tim-bam-sinh","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/timbamsinhtphcm.vn\/en\/khai-quat-ve-di-tat-tim-bam-sinh\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding Congenital Heart Defects"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>D\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tim xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf em b\u00e9 khi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh \u1edf tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh kh\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, can thi\u1ec7p cho tr\u1ebb trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh c\u1ee7a con b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/8xSiOStYsTE?start=15\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh n\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn ngay sau khi tr\u1ebb sinh ra ho\u1eb7c trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Xanh xao, t\u00edm t\u00e1i \u1edf m\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay\/ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f3c.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1edf nhanh.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00f9 ch\u00e2n, b\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng quanh m\u1eaft.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1edf nhanh trong l\u00fac b\u00fa, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng c\u00e2n ch\u1eadm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh \u00edt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u1ebb l\u1edbn l\u00ean. D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh \u1edf tr\u1ebb l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mau th\u1edf nhanh trong khi t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n hay sinh ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n<li>Mau m\u1ec7t trong khi t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n hay sinh ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u1ea5t trong khi t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n hay sinh ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n<li>S\u01b0ng ph\u00f9 b\u00e0n tay, c\u1ed5 ch\u00e2n, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Khi n\u00e0o \u0111i kh\u00e1m b\u00e1c s\u0129?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>D\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c ngay sau khi tr\u1ebb sinh ra. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ghi nh\u1eadn tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o \u1edf tr\u00ean th\u00ec n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ebfn ngay c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c s\u0129 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh ho\u1eb7c do m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft tr\u00e1i tim b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>Tim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 4 bu\u1ed3ng, 2 bu\u1ed3ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 2 bu\u1ed3ng b\u00ean tr\u00e1i. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u01a1m m\u00e1u \u0111i kh\u1eafp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, tim s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>Tim ph\u1ea3i tim b\u01a1m m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5i ngang qua \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i. Trong ph\u1ed5i, m\u00e1u nh\u1eadn \u00f4-xy r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tim tr\u00e1i ngang qua t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 tim tr\u00e1i b\u01a1m m\u00e1u ngang qua \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 (\u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i kh\u1eafp ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h4>D\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h4>\n<p>Trong 6 tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a thai k\u1ef3, tr\u00e1i tim em b\u00e9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u l\u1edbn \u0111i t\u1eeb tim ra v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 tim c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c d\u1ecb t\u1eadt n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 di truy\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd, v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng (nh\u01b0 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<h4>Nh\u00f3m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong tim ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u<\/h4>\n<p>Khi s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong tim hay m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n, m\u00e1u s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i l\u1ebd ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 \u1edf th\u00e0nh tim gi\u1eefa hai bu\u1ed3ng tim l\u00e0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1ng d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u ngh\u00e8o \u00f4-xy pha tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi m\u00e1u gi\u00e0u \u00f4-xy v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4-xy \u0111i kh\u1eafp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1u di chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho tim v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong tim hay m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Th\u00f4ng li\u00ean nh\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa bu\u1ed3ng tim tr\u00ean &#8211; t\u00e2m nh\u0129 ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m nh\u0129 tr\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u00f4ng li\u00ean th\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa bu\u1ed3ng tim d\u01b0\u1edbi &#8211; t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t tr\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f2n \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7. Chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y m\u1edf ra khi em b\u00e9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u1eed cung v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i gi\u1edd sau khi sinh. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i em b\u00e9, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn m\u1edf ra, khi\u1ebfn cho m\u00e1u l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng sai gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n hay to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n, x\u1ea3y ra khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong ph\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m nh\u0129 tr\u00e1i m\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tim \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Nh\u00f3m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng van tim<\/h4>\n<p>C\u00e1c van tim gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda m\u1edf ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bu\u1ed3ng tim v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u. Van tim m\u1edf ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i gi\u1eef cho m\u00e1u \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u1ebfu van tim kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang, m\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tr\u01a1n tru.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 van tim g\u1ed3m van b\u1ecb h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c van kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt sau l\u00e0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>H\u1eb9p van \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7.<\/strong> Em b\u00e9 sinh ra v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t van \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai l\u00e1 van thay v\u00ec ba l\u00e1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ed7 m\u1edf ra b\u1ecb h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u00e1u \u0111i qua kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Tim ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01a1m m\u00e1u \u0111i qua van. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tim ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e3n to ra v\u00e0 c\u01a1 tim b\u1ecb d\u00e0y l\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i.<\/strong> M\u1ed9t d\u1ecb t\u1eadt \u1edf ngay ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n van \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf ra c\u1ee7a van b\u1ecb h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm lu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1u l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng Ebstein.<\/strong> Van ba l\u00e1 \u2014 n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m nh\u0129 ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u2013 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c qua van.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Nh\u00f3m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh<\/h4>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb sinh ra v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tim. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tim r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 lu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bu\u1ed3ng tim kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9ng Fallot l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a 4 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim: th\u00f4ng li\u00ean th\u1ea5t, h\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a, ph\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Teo van \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i.<\/strong> Van tim \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1u \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi tim \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang. M\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u00f4-xy t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Teo van 3 l\u00e1.<\/strong> Van ba l\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m nh\u0129 ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i. D\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim n\u00e0y l\u00e0m h\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u \u0111i v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/strong> Trong d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, hai \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi tim b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. C\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng: d\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong b\u00e0o thai ho\u1eb7c ngay sau sinh v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa (levo-transposition) \u00edt g\u1eb7p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng thi\u1ec3u s\u1ea3n th\u1ea5t tr\u00e1i.<\/strong>\u00a0M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a tim kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00fang. Trong h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a tim kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01a1m \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e1u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110a s\u1ed1 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh l\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra s\u1edbm trong khi tim em b\u00e9 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sinh ra. Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb t\u1eadt n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Rubella.<\/strong> M\u1eb9 m\u1eafc rubella trong khi mang thai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tim em b\u00e9. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mang thai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi rubella ch\u01b0a. N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, m\u1eb9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh ng\u1eeba.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 trong thai k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh cho em b\u00e9. \u0110\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong khi mang thai (\u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thai k\u1ef3) th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim c\u1ee7a em b\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thu\u1ed1c men.<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong khi mang thai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh. N\u00ean h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang d\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mang thai. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh l\u00e0: thalidomide (Thalomid), thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf enzyme chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 angiotensin (ACE), statins, isotretinoin ch\u1eefa m\u1ee5n m\u1eb7t (Myorisan, Zenatane, nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c), m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m lo l\u1eafng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u trong khi mang thai.<\/strong> D\u00f9ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u trong khi mang thai s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1.<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c, h\u00e3y b\u1ecf thu\u1ed1c ngay. M\u1eb9 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c trong khi mang thai l\u00e0m tr\u1ebb t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ec7nh s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n.<\/strong>\u00a0D\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac x\u1ea3y ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh (di truy\u1ec1n) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb th\u1eeba nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 21 (h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Down) c\u00f3 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh. Khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 22 c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Suy tim xung huy\u1ebft.<\/strong> Bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u00e9 c\u00f3 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim n\u1eb7ng. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a suy tim xung huy\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u1edf nhanh, t\u0103ng c\u00e2n ch\u1eadm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng tim.<\/strong> D\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng m\u00f4 tim (vi\u00eam c\u01a1 tim), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 van tim.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u1ecbp tim b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng (lo\u1ea1n nh\u1ecbp).<\/strong> M\u1ed9t d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb s\u1eb9o do ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nh\u1ecbp tim.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1eadm t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/strong> Tr\u1ebb m\u1eafc d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh c\u00e0ng n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0ng ch\u1eadm t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng tu\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5.<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00edt g\u1eb7p, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh s\u1ebd gia t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 do nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n ngang qua m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 trong tim v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n.<\/strong>\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9ng lo \u00e2u ho\u1eb7c stress do ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh. H\u00e3y t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n b\u00e1c s\u0129 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n lo l\u1eafng tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/h3>\n<p>Do y h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao sinh b\u00e9 b\u1ecb d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m trong khi mang thai.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 chung x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ecb t\u1eadt cho em b\u00e9.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ti\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t.<\/strong> Kh\u00e1m thai \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 em b\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00f9ng vi\u00ean multivitamin c\u00f3 folic acid.<\/strong> D\u00f9ng 400 micrograms folic acid m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy c\u01a1 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt khi sanh \u1edf n\u00e3o v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u hay h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1.<\/strong> Th\u00f3i quen u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u hay h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb em b\u00e9. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ch\u00edch ng\u1eeba rubella.<\/strong> M\u1eafc rubella trong khi mang thai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tim c\u1ee7a em b\u00e9. N\u00ean ch\u00ednh ng\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh mang thai.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u.<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh.<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng phenylketon ni\u1ec7u, h\u00e3y t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/strong> Trong thai k\u1ef3, n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh s\u01a1n, v\u1ebd, lau ch\u00f9i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bay m\u00f9i m\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u00e1c s\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c.\u00a0<\/strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh. N\u00ean t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea toa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a theo Mayoclinic.org.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y 28\/10\/2022<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tim xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf em b\u00e9 khi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh \u1edf tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh kh\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1095,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/timbamsinhtphcm.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/471"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/timbamsinhtphcm.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/timbamsinhtphcm.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timbamsinhtphcm.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timbamsinhtphcm.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=471"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/timbamsinhtphcm.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/471\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1170,"href":"https:\/\/timbamsinhtphcm.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/471\/revisions\/1170"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timbamsinhtphcm.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1095"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/timbamsinhtphcm.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=471"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}